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How To Identify A Full Charged Battery

Lately, one of my numerous mailed me to know how to identify a fully charged battery. This prompted me to post this article, to help him and others who face problem of battery overcharging.


The indications of a fully-charge cell are:
  • Gassing
  • Voltage
  • Specific gravity
  • Colour of the plates

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Gassing
When the cell is fully charged, it freely gives off hydrogen off at cathode and oxygen at the anode, the process being known as ‘gassing’. Gassing at both plates indicates that the current is no longer doing any useful work and hence should be stopped. Moreover, when the cell is fully charged, the electrolyte assumes a milky appearance.

Voltage
The voltages cease to rise when the cell becomes fully-charged.  The value of the voltage of a fully-charged cell is a variable quantity being affected by the rate of charging, the temperature and specific gravity of the electrolyte etc. the approximate value of the e.m.f is 2.1 or so.

Specific Gravity Of The Electrolyte
A third indication of the state of charge of a battery is given by the specific gravity of the electrolyte. The density of electrolyte decreases due to other production of water, whereas it increases during charging due to the absorption of water. Specific gravity can be measured with a suitable hydrometer which consists of a float, a chamber for the electrolyte and a squeeze bulb.

Color
The color plates, on full charge is deep chocolate brown for positive plate and clear slate gray for negative plate and the cell looks quite brisk and alive.

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