These are used for starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) in internal-combustion-engine vehicles. Examples are: lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries etc.
Vehicle Traction Batteries
This is the class of battery we will be dwelling such on. The recent universal concern over the levels of toxic gases (particularly in urban areas) emitted by the internal combustion engines has revived interest in electric traction. There has been great development in the use of battery-powered vehicles, primarily industrial trucks and commercial road vehicles of various types like ‘milk float’ (i.e. bottled-milk delivery trucks), fork lift trucks, mining, airport tractors, aircraft service vehicles, electric cars and more recently, in robotics and guided vehicles.
This is the class of battery we will be dwelling such on. The recent universal concern over the levels of toxic gases (particularly in urban areas) emitted by the internal combustion engines has revived interest in electric traction. There has been great development in the use of battery-powered vehicles, primarily industrial trucks and commercial road vehicles of various types like ‘milk float’ (i.e. bottled-milk delivery trucks), fork lift trucks, mining, airport tractors, aircraft service vehicles, electric cars and more recently, in robotics and guided vehicles.
Traction batteries are often of higher quality than portable batteries. They provide constant output voltage, high volumetric capacity, good resistance to vibration and a long service life. They can withstand prolonged and deep discharges followed by deep recharges usually on a daily basis. The voltage of traction batteries varies from 12 V to 240 V and they have a cycle life of 1000-1500 cycles.
STATIONARY BATTERIES
These falls into two groups, (a) standby powered system which is used intermittently. (b) Load leveling system which stores energy when demand is low and, later on, use it to meet peak demand. Standby applications have increased in recent years with increasing demand for uninterrupted power systems (UPS) and a tremendous growth in new telecommunication networks. The UPS provides “clean” a.c supply free of sage or surges in the line voltage, frequency variations, spikes and transients to modern computer and electronic equipment. Banks of sealed lead-acid standby batteries have been recently used in telecommunication systems and for UPS applications.
These falls into two groups, (a) standby powered system which is used intermittently. (b) Load leveling system which stores energy when demand is low and, later on, use it to meet peak demand. Standby applications have increased in recent years with increasing demand for uninterrupted power systems (UPS) and a tremendous growth in new telecommunication networks. The UPS provides “clean” a.c supply free of sage or surges in the line voltage, frequency variations, spikes and transients to modern computer and electronic equipment. Banks of sealed lead-acid standby batteries have been recently used in telecommunication systems and for UPS applications.
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